Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose in absorption, comfort, and protection.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton or other natural fibers for premium products

Key properties: Softness, breathability, and quick-drying capability to maintain skin dryness.

### Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial layer responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Wood pulp (fluff pulp)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– A combination of both

The SAP can absorb many times its weight in liquid, transforming it into a gel to prevent leakage.

### Back Sheet

The bottom layer prevents leakage and protects clothing. Materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Nonwoven fabric composites

This layer must be waterproof yet comfortable against clothing.

## Additional Components

### Adhesive Layers

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives for pad attachment to underwear

– Hot melt adhesives for bonding different layers together

### Release Paper

Protects the adhesive before use, typically made from silicone-coated paper or plastic film.

### Wings (if applicable)

Usually made from nonwoven materials with elastic components for better fit and security.

## Material Properties and Considerations

### Absorbency

The combination of fluff pulp and SAP determines the pad’s absorption capacity. SAP content typically ranges from 5-30% of the core material.

### Breathability

Modern pads emphasize breathable back sheets to reduce skin irritation and discomfort.

### Hypoallergenic Properties

Many manufacturers now use dermatologically tested materials to minimize allergic reactions.

### Environmental Considerations

Eco-friendly alternatives include:

– Biodegradable top sheets
– Organic cotton layers
– Plant-based SAP alternatives

## Quality Control Factors

Manufacturers must consider:

– Fiber length and quality in nonwovens
– SAP particle size and absorption rate
– Adhesive bonding strength
– Overall thickness and flexibility

## Future Material Trends

The industry is moving toward:

– More sustainable material options
– Enhanced comfort technologies
– Smart materials that can indicate saturation
– Antimicrobial treatments for better hygiene

Understanding these material compositions helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use during menstruation. The continuous innovation in sanitary pad materials aims to improve comfort, effectiveness, and environmental sustainability.